![]() ![]() Ann Emerg Med 36:126–132ĭunn MA, Hackley BE, Sidell FR (1997) Pretreatment for nerve agent exposure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD005085ĭart RC, Goldfrank LR, Chyka PA, Lotzer D, Woolf AD, McNally J, Snodgrass WR, Olson KR, Scharman E, Geller RJ, Spyker D, Kraft M, Lipsy R (2000) Combined evidence-based literature analysis and consensus guidelines for stocking of emergency antidotes in the United States. Biochem Pharmacol 19:927–934īuckley N, Eddleston M, Szinicz L (2005) Oximes for acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning. ![]() J Chromatogr 225:107–114īerry WK, Davies DR (1970) The use of carbamates and atropine in the protection of animals against poisoning by trimethylpropyl methylphosphonofluoridate. Adv Clin Chem 38:151–216īenschof HP, Konings KAS, Kossen SP, Ligtenstein DA (1981) Determination of some pyridinium aldoxime compounds by means of ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: application in biological material. Drug Chem Toxicol 15:285–294īajgar J (2004) Organophosphates/nerve agent poisoning: mechanism of action, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment. While certainly further work using different organophosphorus compounds and animal species are needed before a final conclusion is reached, the animal data presented does not support the combined use of PSTG and PRX.Īnderson DR, Harris LW, Woodard CL, Lennox WJ (1992) The effect of pyridostigmine pre-treatment on oxime efficacy against intoxication by soman or VX in rats. While the same applies to their combination the decrease in mortality when using both PSTG and PRX is less than that achieved with their single use (but not significantly so). Both PSTG and PRX statistically significantly decreased organophosphate induced mortality in the described model. Mortality was analysed using Kaplan–Meier plots. The animals were monitored for 48 h and mortality (survival time) was recorded. From surviving animals of eight cycles tail blood was taken for red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC-AChE) measurements. The experiment was repeated twelve times (12 cycles). The prospective, controlled animal (rat) study included Group 1 that received 1 μmol POX (≈LD 75) Group 2 that received 1 μmol PSTG followed 30 min later by 1 μmol POX Group 3 that received 1 μmol PSTG followed 30 min later by 1 μmol POX and 50 μmol PRX Group 4 that received 1 μmol POX and 50 μmol PRX Group 5 that received 1 μmol PSTG Group 6 that received 50 μmol PRX and Group 7 that received 1 μmol PSTG followed 30 min later by 50 μmol PRX. Pralidoxime (PRX) is the enzyme reactivator used by some NATO armies. POX is a highly toxic non-neuropathic ethyl organophospate. The purpose of the study was to quantify in vivo the effect of PSTG pre-treatment on survival in rats exposed to the organophosphate paraoxon (POX) with and without subsequent reactivator (pralidoxime) treatment. Recently, based on animal data, the FDA approved oral PSTG for pre-exposure treatment of soman. Carbamates are known to confer some protection from the lethal effects of (some) organophosphorus compounds. Pyridostigmine (PSTG) is a carbamate inhibitor of cholinesterases. ![]()
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